The solver "cplex" uses CPLEX (a trademark of ILOG --> IBM) to solve integer, mixed-integer, linear programming, and quadratic problems, including (with version 9) problems with quadratic constraints possibly involving integer variables. Normally cplex is invoked by AMPL's solve command, which gives the invocation cplex stub -AMPL in which stub.nl is an AMPL generic output file (possibly written by "ampl -obstub" or "ampl -ogstub"). After solving the problem, cplex writes a stub.sol file for use by ampl's solve and solution commands. When you run ampl, this all happens automatically if you give the AMPL commands option solver cplex; solve; You can control cplex by setting the environment variable cplex_options appropriately (either by using ampl's option command, or by using the shell's set and export commands before you invoke ampl). You can put one or more (white-space separated) phrases into $cplex_options. For details, invoke cplex -= or perhaps cplex '-=' (depending on your shell). The output this gives is summarized later in this this file. ---------- INSTALLING ========== On Linux systems, if cplex is so linked, libcplex*.so (where the value of "*" depends on the current version of CPLEX) needs to appear in the current directory when cplex itself appears there, or in one of the standard places (specified by /etc/ld.so.conf on some systems), or in a directory named in $LD_LIBRARY_PATH. An alternative is to add a short shell script, such as #!/bin/sh LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib export LD_LIBRARY_PATH exec /usr/local/bin/cplexx "$@" to a directory in your usual $PATH (and mark the script executable with, e.g., "chmod +x cplex"). The above script assumes that the true "cplex" binary has been moved to /usr/local/bin/cplexx and that the relevant libcplex*.so file appears in /usr/local/lib. On MS Windows systems, cplex.exe and the relevant cplex*.dll must appear somewhere in your usual search $PATH (or in the current directory). ----------------------------------- Keywords phrases for $cplex_options =================================== A few of the phrases are single words: Phrase Meaning autoopt Use CPLEX's automatic choice of optimizer (dualopt). baropt Use the barrier algorithm (unless there are discrete variables). bestbound Return in suffix .bestbound the best known bound on the objective value. For MIP problems with a finite bestnode value (see below), bestbound = bestnode. bestnode For MIP problems, return the best node value in suffix .bestnode of the current objective and problem. For non-MIP problems and for MIP problems for which a best node value has not yet been found, this value is +Infinity for minimization problems and -Infinity for maximization problems. concurrentopt When hardware and licensing permit, try several methods in parallel (with CPLEX versions >= 8). dual Solve the dual problem. dualopt Use a dual simplex algorithm. maximize Maximize the objective, regardless of model specification. minimize Minimize the objective, regardless of model specification. primal Solve the primal problem (default, via "dualratio" described below). Note that "primal", "dual", and "dualratio" determine what problem is presented to CPLEX, whereas "primalopt" or "dualopt" instructs CPLEX to use a primal or dual simplex algorithm, rather than making an automatic choice (which currently is always "dualopt"). Thus "primalopt" and "dualopt" are orthogonal to "primal", "dual", and "dualratio". The best settings depend on the problem. primalopt Use a primal simplex algorithm. relax Ignore integrality: treat integer variables as continuous. siftopt Solve ever larger sequences of subproblems until the whole LP is solved (versions of CPLEX >= 8). version Show the current version. Others are name-value pairs, possibly separated by '=', as in iterations 600 or iterations=600 or iterations = 600 any of which limits cplex to 600 iterations. The following names may occur in name-value pairs. For convenience, the list also repeats the above single-word phrases, denoting them with "Single-word phrase". The list amounts to the "cplex -=" output. Name Comment absmipgap Absolute mixed-integer optimality gap tolerance (for difference between current best integer solution and optimal value of LP relaxation). Default 0. advance Whether to use advance basis information (initial primal and dual variable values and basis indicators). Default 1 (yes). aggcutlim Bound on the number of constraints aggregated to generate flow-cover and mixed-integer-rounding cuts; default = 3. aggfill Synonym for "agglim". agglim Variables that appear in more than agglim rows (default 10) will not be substituted away by the "aggregate" algorithm. aggregate Whether to make substitutions to reduce the number of rows: 0 ==> no; n > 0 ==> apply aggregator n times. Default -1 ==> automatic choice. aggtol Pivot tolerance for aggregating. It seldom needs fiddling. Default = .05; must be in [1e-10, .99]. autoopt Single-word phrase: use CPLEX's automatic choice of optimizer (currently dualopt for LPs). autopt Synonym for "autoopt". auxrootthreads Controls the number of threads used for auxiliary chores when solving the root node of a MIP problem. When N threads are available (possibly limited by "threads"), auxrootthreads must be less than N. Possible values: 0 = automatic choice (default) n < N: use N-n threads for the root node and n threads for auxiliary chores. backtrack Tolerance (> 0, default 0.9999) for when to backtrack during branch & bound. Low values tend to pure best-bound search. High values (> 1) tend to pure depth-first search. Values less than the default are often good when subproblems are expensive. baralg How to start the barrier algorithm: 0 (default) = 1 for MIP subproblems, else 3 1 = infeasibility-estimate start 2 = infeasibility-constant start 3 = standard start. barcorr Limit on centering corrections in each iteration of the barrier algorithm: -1 = decide automatically (default) nonnegative = at most that many. bardisplay Specifies how much the barrier algorithm chatters: 0 = no output (default) 1 = one line per iteration 2 = more output. bargrowth Tolerance for detecting unbounded faces in the barrier algorithm: higher values make the test for unbounded faces harder to satisfy. Default = 1e12. bariterlim Maximum barrier iterations allowed (default 2^31 - 1). barobjrange Limit on the absolute objective value before the barrier algorithm considers the problem unbounded. Default = 1e20. baropt Single-word phrase: use the barrier algorithm (unless there are discrete variables). barstart Barrier starting-point algorithm: 1 = assume dual is 0 (default) 2 = estimate dual 3 = average of primal estimate, 0 dual 4 = average of primal and dual estimates. barstartalg Synonym for "barstart". basis_cond Whether to show the condition number of the simplex basis in the solve_message and to return its value in the problem.basis_cond and objective.basis_cond suffixes. (Default = 0 = no; 1 = yes). bbinterval For nodeselect = 2, select the best-bound node, rather than the best-estimate node, every bbinterval iterations (default 7); 0 means always use the best-estimate node. benders_feascut_tol Tolerance for violations of feasibility cuts in Benders algorithm. Default = 1e-6. benders_optcut_tol Tolerance for violations of optimality cuts in Benders algorithm. Default = 1e-6. benders_strategy How to decompose the problem for Benders algorithm: -1 = do not apply Benders algorithm 0 = automatic choice (default): if suffix benders is present on variables, variables that have .benders = 0 go into the master and CPLEX assigns other variables to workers; otherwise integer variables go into the master and continuous variables into workers 1 = use suffix benders to determine which variables are for the master (.benders = 0) and which for workers (.benders = n > 0 ==> worker n 2 = similar to 0, but suffix benders is required 3 = similar to 0, but ignore suffix benders (if present). benders_worker Designate the algorithm that CPLEX applies to solve the subproblems when using Benders decomposition: 0 = automatic (default) 1 = primal simplex 2 = dual simplex 3 = network simplex 4 = barrier algorithm 5 = sifting algorithm. bendersopt Single-word phrase: use Benders algorithm. Both integer and continuous variables must be present. bestbound Single-word phrase requesting return of suffix .bestbound on the objective and problem for the best known bound on the objective value. For MIP problems with .bestnode value from a feasible node (see below), .bestbound = .bestnode. bestnode Single-word phrase requesting return of suffix .bestnode on the objective and problem for the objective value at the best feasible MIP node. For non-MIP problems and for MIP problems for which a feasible node has not yet been found, this value is +Infinity for minimization problems and -Infinity for maximization problems. boundstr Whether to use bound strengthening in solving MIPs: -1 (default) = automatic choice 0 = never 1 = always. bqpcuts Whether to generate boolean quadratic polytope (BQP) cuts for nonconvex QP amd MIQP problems when solved to optimality: -1 = do not generate BQP cuts 0 = automatic choice (default) 1 = generate BQP cuts moderateely 2 = generate BQP cuts agressively 3 = generate BQP cuts very agressively. branch Branching direction for integer variables: -1 = down, 0 = algorithm decides, 1 = up; default = 0. branchdir Synonym for "branch". cliquecuts Synonym for "cliques". cliques Whether to use clique cuts in solving MIPs: -1 = never 0 = automatic choice (default) 1, 2, 3 = ever more aggressive generation. clocktype Kind of times CPLEX reports during the solution process: 0 = automatic choice 1 = CPU time 2 = wall clock time (total elapsed time = default) coeffreduce Whether to use coefficient reduction when preprocessing MIPS: -1 = automatic choice (default) 0 = no 1 = reduce only integral coefficients 2 = reduce all potential coefficients 3 = reduce aggressively with tiling. comptol Convergence tolerance for barrier algorithm: the algorithm stops when the relative complementarity is < bartol (default 1e-8). concurrent Single-word phrase: with CPLEX versions >= 8 and when hardware and licensing permit, try several methods in parallel. concurrentopt Synonym for "concurrent". conflictalg Choice of algorithm used by the CPLEX's conflict refiner: 0 = automatic choice (default) 1 = fast 2 = propagate 3 = presolve 4 = IIS 5 = limited solve 6 = full solve. Settings 1, 2, and 3 are fast but may not discard many constraints; 5 and 6 work harder at this. Setting 4 searches for an Irreducible Infeasible Set of linear constraints (e.g., ignoring quadratic constraints). conflictdisplay What to report when the conflict finder is working: 0 = nothing 1 = summary (default) 2 = detailed display. covercuts Synonym for "covers". covers Whether to use cover cuts in solving MIPs: -1 = never 0 = automatic choice (default) 1, 2, 3 = ever more aggressive generation. cpumask Whether and how to bind threads to cores on systems where this is possible: off = no CPU binding auto = automatic binding (default). Values other than "off" and "auto" must be a hexadecimal string (digits 0-9 and a-f, ignoring case, so values A-F and a-f are treated alike). The lowest order bit is for the first logical CPU. For example, "a5" and "A5" indicate that CPUs 0, 2, 5, and 7 are available for binding to threads, since hex value a5 = 2^7 + 2^5 + 2^2 + 2^0. crash Crash strategy (used to obtain starting basis); possible values = -1, 0, 1; default = 1. The best setting is problem-dependent and can only be found by experimentation. 0 completely ignores the objective. crossover Causes the barrier algorithm to be run (in the absence of discrete variables) and specifies whether to "crossover" to an optimal simplex basis afterwards: 0 = no crossover 1 = crossover with primal simplex (default for baropt) 2 = crossover with dual simplex. cutpass Number of passes permitted when generating MIP cutting plane: -1 = none 0 = automatic choice (default) positive = at most that many passes. cutsfactor Limit on MIP cuts added: > 1 ==> (cutsfactor-1)*m, where m is the original number of rows (after presolve); < 0 ==> no limit; 0 <= cutsfactor <= 1 ==> no MIP cuts Default = -1 (no limit). cutstats 0 or 1 (default 0): Whether the solve_message report the numbers and kinds of cuts used. datacheck debug option; possible values: 0 = no data checking (default) 1 = issue warnings 2 = try to "assist" by warning about bad scaling. dense Synonym for "densecol". densecol If positive, minimum nonzeros in a column for the barrier algorithm to consider the column dense. If 0 (default), this tolerance is selected automatically. dependency Whether to use CPLEX's presolve dependency checker: -1 = automatic choice (default) 0 = no 1 = turn on only at start of preprocessing 2 = turn on only at end of preprocessing 3 = turn on at both start and end of preprocessing. dettimelim Time limit in platform-dependent "ticks". Default = 1e75. See timing. dgradient Pricing algorithm for dual simplex (default 0): 0 = choose automatically 1 = standard dual pricing 2 = steepest-edge pricing 3 = steepest-edge pricing in slack space 4 = steepest-edge with unit initial norms 5 = devex pricing. disjcuts Whether to generate MIP disjunctive cuts: -1 = no 0 = automatic choice (default) 1, 2, 3 = ever more aggressive generation. display Frequency of displaying LP progress information: 0 (default) = never 1 = each factorization 2 = each iteration. doperturb 1 means initially perturb the problem (by an amount governed by "perturbation", which is described below). 0 (default) means let the algorithm decide. Setting doperturb to 1 is occasionally helpful for highly degenerate problems. dparam Used with syntax "dparam=n=d" (no spaces), where n is a decimal integer, the number of a CPLEX "double" (i.e., floating-point valued) parameter. If d is a decimal floating-point value, assign d to "double" parameter n. If d is ?, report the current value of "double" parameter n. This facility provides a way to modify "double" parameters that have not (yet) been assigned a keyword. droptol If droptol > 0 is specified, linear constraint and objective coefficients less than droptol in magnitude are treated as zero. dual Single-word phrase: solve the dual problem. dualopt Single-word phrase: use a dual simplex algorithm. dualratio If neither "primal" nor "dual" was specified and "dual" is possible (e.g., no integer variables and no node and arc declarations), choose between "primal" and "dual" as follows. Let m = number of rows, n = number of columns; if m - n > dualthresh > 0 or m > dualratio*n, solve the dual; otherwise solve the primal. Defaults: dualthresh = 0, dualratio = 3. dualthresh See dualratio. eachcutlim Limit on the number of cuts of each time. Default = 2100000000. endbasis "endbasis foo" writes the final basis to file "foo" (in BAS format). endsol File for writing the final solution as an XML file. feasibility Amount by which basic variables can violate their bounds. Default = 1e-6; possible values are between 1e-9 and 0.1. feasopt For infeasible problems, whether to find a feasible point for a relaxed problem (see feasoptobj): 0 = no (default) 1 = find a relaxed feasible point 2 = find a "best" solution among the relaxed feasible points. feasoptobj Objective for "feasopt": 1 = minimize the sum of constraint and variable bound relaxations (default) 2 = minimize the number of constraint and variable bounds relaxed (a MIP problem, generally harder than feasoptobj = 1) 3 = minimize the sum of squares of constraint and variable bound relaxations. file Synonym for "writeprob". finalmipalg Specify the algorithm to solve the final LP obtained by fixing all integer variables at their integer values: 0 = automatic (default) 1 = primal simplex 2 = dual simplex 3 = network simplex 4 = barrier 5 = sifting (not applicable to QP) 6 = concurrent optimizer. flowcuts Whether to use flow cuts in solving MIPs: -1 = never 0 = automatic choice (default) 1, 2 = ever more aggressive use. flowpathcuts Whether to generate MIP flow-path cuts: -1 = no 0 = automatic choice (default) 1, 2 = ever more aggressive generation. fpheur Whether to use the feasibility pump heuristic on MIP problems: -1 = no 0 = automatic choice (default) 1 = yes, focus on finding a feasible solution 2 = yes, focus on finding a good objective value at a feasible solution. fraccand Limit on number of candidate variables when generating Gomory cuts for MIP problems: default = 200. fraccuts Whether to generate MIP fractional Gomory cuts: -1 = no 0 = decide automatically (default) 1 = generate moderately 2 = generate aggressively. fracpass Limit on number of passes to generate MIP fractional Gomory cuts: 0 = automatic choice (default) positive = at most that many passes. fractionalcuts Synonym for "fracpass". growth Synonym for "bargrowth". gubcuts Whether to use GUB cuts in solving MIPs: -1 = never 0 = automatic choice (default) 1, 2 = ever more aggressive generation. heureffort Whether to increase ( > 1) or decrease ( < 1) efforts spent on heuristics during MIP solvers; heureffort = 0 ==> suppress all MIP heuristics. heurfreq How often to apply "node heuristics" for MIPS: -1 = never 0 = automatic choice (default) n > 0 = every n nodes. heuristicfreq Synonym for "heurfreq". iisfind Whether to find and return an IIS (irreducible infeasible set of variables and constraints) if the problem is infeasible: 0 = no (default) 1 = find an IIS. IIS details are returned in suffix .iis, which assumes one of the values "non" for variables and constraints not in the IIS; "low" for variables or inequality constraint bodies whose lower bounds are in the IIS; "upp" for variables and inequality constraint bodies whose upper bounds are in the IIS; and "fix" for equality constraints that are in the IIS. impliedcuts Whether to use implied cuts in solving MIPs: -1 = never 0 = automatic choice (default) 1, 2 = ever more aggressive use. incompat How to treat parameter settings that CPLEX finds incompatible: 0 = quietly ignore incompatibilities 1 = report and ignore them (default) 2 = reject them, refusing to solve. For example, CPLEX regards the polishafter_* parameters introduced in CPLEX 11.2 as incompatible with the older polishtime parameter. integrality Amount by which an integer variable can differ from the nearest integer and still be considered feasible. Default = 1e-5; must be in [1e-9, 0.5]. (The upper bound was not enforced prior to CPLEX 11.) intwarntol Do not warn about perturbations to "integer" variables to make them integers when the maximum perturbation is at most intwarntol (default 1e-9); see "round". iparam Used with syntax "iparam=n=i" (no spaces), where n is a decimal integer, the number of a CPLEX integer parameter. If i is a decimal integer, assign i to integer parameter n. If i is ?, report the current value of integer parameter n. This facility provides a way to modify integer parameters that have not (yet) been assigned a keyword. iterations Limit on total LP iterations; default 2^31 - 1. iterlim Synonym for "iterations". lazy Whether to recognize suffix .lazy on constraints (new for CPLEX 10): sum of 1 ==> treat .lazy = 1 as lazy constraint 2 ==> treat .lazy = 2 as user cut Default lazy = 3 ==> treat both. (Suffix .lazy on constraints is ignored if not 0, 1, or 2 modulo 3.) lbheur Whether to use a local branching heuristic in an attempt to improve new incumbents found during a MIP search. (Default = 0 = no; 1 = yes.) limitperturb Synonym for "perturblimit". localimpliedcuts Whether to generate locally valid implied bound cuts for MIP problems: -1 ==> no 0 ==> automatic choice (default) 1 ==> yes, moderately 2 ==> yes, aggressively 3 ==> yes, very aggressively. logfile Name of file to receive all CPLEX messages. lowercutoff For maximization problems involving integer variables, skip any branch whose LP relaxation's optimal value is less than lowercutoff. Warning: if lowercutoff is too large, the problem will appear infeasible. Default = -1e75. lowerobj Stop minimizing when the objective value goes below lowerobj. Default = -1e75. lowerobjlim Synonym for "lowerobj". lpdisplay Synonym for "display". lpiterlim Synonym for "iterations". lptimelim Synonym for "time". markowitz Pivot tolerance; default = 0.01; must be between 0.0001 and 0.99999. Bigger values may improve numerical properties of the solution (and may take more time). maximize Single-word phrase: maximize the objective, regardless of model specifications. mcfcuts Whether to use multi-commodity flow (MCF) cuts: -1 = no 0 = let CPLEX decide (default) 1 = generate a modest number of MCS cuts 2 = generate MCS cuts aggressively. memoryemphasis Whether to compress data to reduce the memory used, which may make some information (e.g., basis condition) unavailable: 0 = no (default) 1 = yes. minimize Single-word phrase: minimize the objective, regardless of model specifications. mipalg Algorithm used on mixed-integer subproblems: 0 = automatic choice (default) 1 = primal simplex 2 = dual simplex 3 = network simplex 4 = barrier 5 = sifting. For MIQP problems (quadratic objective, linear constraints), settings other than 3 and 5 are treated as 0. For MIQCP problems (quadratic objective and constraints), all settings are treated as 4. mipalgorithm Synonym for "mipalg". mipbasis Whether to compute a basis and dual variables for MIP problems when endbasis is not specified: -1 = default (described below) 0 = no 1 = yes This keyword is new with driver version 20040716. When endbasis is specified, mipbasis=1 is assumed. Otherwise, when mipbasis=0 is specified for a MIP problem, no solver-status values for variables are returned to AMPL. The default is to assume 1 unless a quadratic objective or constraint is present, in which case qcdual is assumed if quadratic constraints are present and 0 is assumed otherwise (as finding a basis can be time consuming). mipcrossover Crossover method used when using the barrier method for MIP subproblems: -1 = no crossover 0 (default) = automatic choice 1 = primal 2 = dual. mipcuts Sets all ten of cliques, covers, disjcuts, flowcuts, flowpathcuts, fraccuts, gubcuts, impliedcuts, mircuts and zerohalfcuts to the specified value. mipdisplay Frequency of displaying branch-and-bound information (for optimizing integer variables): 0 (default) = never 1 = each integer feasible solution 2 = every "mipinterval" nodes 3 = every "mipinterval" nodes plus information on LP relaxations (as controlled by "display") 4 = same as 2, plus LP relaxation info 5 = same as 2, plus LP subproblem info. mipemphasis How to balance seeking seeking feasibility versus optimality when solving a MIP: 0 = balance optimality and feasibility (default) 1 = emphasize feasibility over optimality 2 = emphasize optimality over feasibility 3 = emphasize moving the best bound 4 = emphasize finding hidden feasible solutions 5 = emphasize finding good feasible solutions sooner. mipgap Relative tolerance for optimizing integer variables: stop if abs((best bound) - (best integer)) < mipgap * (1 + abs(best bound)). Default = 1e-4; must be between 1e-9 and 1. mipinterval Frequency of node logging for mipdisplay >= 2. Default = 0 ==> automatic choice. Values n > 0 ==> every n nodes and every new incumbent; n < 0 ==> less frequently the more negative n is. mipkappa For MIP problems, whether to compute the "MIP kappa", which summarizes the condition numbers of the optimal bases seen while solving the problem: -1 = no 0 = automatic choice (default) 1 = compute for a sample of subproblems 2 = compute for all subproblems (possibly expensive). mipordertype Synonym for "ordertype". mipsearch Search strategy for mixed-integer problems, new in CPLEX 11: 0 = automatic choice (default) 1 = traditional branch and cut 2 = dynamic search. mipsolutions Stop branch-and-bound for integer variables after finding "mipsolutions" feasible solutions. Default = 2^31 - 1. mipstart Synonym for "mipstartvalue". mipstartalg For problems with integer variables, which algorithm to use in solving the initial MIP subproblem: 0 = automatic choice (default) 1 = primal simplex 2 = dual simplex 3 = network simplex 4 = barrier 5 = sifting 6 = concurrent (several at once, if possible). For MIQP problems (quadratic objective, linear constraints), setting 5 is treated as 0 and 6 as 4. For MIQCP problems (quadratic objective & constraints), all settings are treated as 4. mipstartstatus Whether to use incoming variable and constraint statuses if the problem has integer variables: 0 = no 1 = yes (default). mipstartvalue Whether to use initial guesses in problems with integer variables: 0 = no. 1 = yes (default), automatic choice of algorithm. 2 = withdrawn and now treated as 0. 3 = effort level = CPX_MIPSTART_CHECKFEAS, which fails if the starting point is infeasiable. 4 = effort level = CPX_MIPSTART_SOLVEFIXED, which solves the fixed problem specified by the starting guess. 5 = effort level = CPX_MIPSTART_SOLVEMIP, which causes a subMIP problem to be solved; "submipnodelim" limits the number of nodes explored. 6 = effort level = CPX_MIPSTART_REPAIR, which causes an attempt to repair an infeasible starting guess; "repairtries" tells how often to attempt a repair, and "submipnodelim" limits the number of nodes explored. 7 = effort level = CPX_MIPSTART_NOCHECK, under which the starting guess is simply assumed to be feasiable. mipsubalg Synonym for "mipalg". miqcpstrat Strategy for solving quadratically-constrained MIPs (MIQCP problems): 0 = automatic choice (default) 1 = solve a quadratically-constrained node relaxation (QCP) at each node 2 = solve an LP node relaxation at each node. mircuts Whether to generate MIP rounding cuts: -1 = no 0 = automatic choice (default) 1 = moderate generation 2 = aggressive generation. modisplay how much to report during multiobjective optimization: 0 = nothing 1 = summary after each subproblem (default) 2 = subproblem logs as well as summaries. multiobj whether to do multi-objective optimization: 0 = no (default) 1 = yes When multiobj = 1 and several linear objectives are present, suffixes .objpriority, .objweight, .objreltol, and .objabstol on the objectives are relevant. Objectives with greater (integer) .objpriority values have higher priority. Objectives with the same .objpriority are weighted by .objweight. Objectives with positive .objabstol or .objreltol are allowed to be degraded by lower priority objectives by amounts not exceeding the .objabstol (absolute) and .objreltol (relative) limits. The objective must all be linear. Objective-specific values may be assigned via keywords of the form obj_n_name, such as obj_1_pricing to specify "pricing" for the first objective. If no .objweight values are provided, 1. is assumed for all. Similarly, if no .objpriority values are given, 1 is assumed for all. For .objreltol and .objabstol, if no values are given, all are assumed to be 0. nameround Whether to mangle variable and constraint names by turning [ and ] into ( and ), respectively: 0 = no (default) 1 = yes. This only matters if you specify endbasis=... or startbasis=... or perhaps writeprob=something.lp and have instructed AMPL to write .row and .col files. (It is usually better to let AMPL's status facilities convey basis information.) An alternative under Unix is to use the "tr" command to make the above changes if they are needed. netdisplay Which objective value to show when using the network simplex algorithm with display > 0 or netopt=3: 0 = none 1 = true objective 2 = penalized objective (default). netfeasibility Feasibility tolerance for the network simplex algorithm. Default = 1e-6; possible values are between 1e-11 and 1e-1. netfind Algorithm for finding embedded networks: 1 = extract only the natural network 2 = use reflection scaling (default) 3 = use general scaling. netfinder Synonym for "netfind". netiterations Limit on network simplex iterations. Default = large (e.g., 2^31 - 1). netopt 0 means never invoke the network optimizer. 1 (default) means invoke the network optimizer only if the model had node and arc declarations. 2 means always invoke the network optimizer (unless there are integer variables); the network optimizer may be able to find and exploit an embedded network. 3 is similar to 2, but sets CPLEX's LPMethod to CPX_ALG_NET rather than explicitly invoking the network optimizer. This might make a difference if CPLEX's presolve makes relevant reductions. netoptimality Tolerance for optimality of reduced costs in the network simplex algorithm. Default 1e-6; must be between 1e-11 and 1e-1. netpricing How to price in the network simplex algorithm: 0 = automatic choice (default) 1 = partial pricing 2 = multiple partial pricing 3 = multiple partial pricing with sorting. node Synonym for "nodes". nodecuts Decides whether or not cutting planes are separated at the nodes of the branch-and-bound tree: -1 = do not generate node cuts 0 = automatic (default) 1 = generate moderately 2 = generate aggressively 3 = genertate very aggresively. nodefile Whether to save node information in a temporary file: 0 = no 1 (default) = compressed node file in memory 2 = node file on disk 3 = compressed node file on disk. nodefiledir Synonym for workfiledir. Prior to CPLEX 7.1, this directory is just for node information files. nodelim Synonym for "nodes". nodes Stop branch-and-bound for integer variables after "nodes" LP relaxations. Default = 2^31 - 1; nodes = 0 ==> complete processing at the root (create cuts, apply heuristics at root); 1 ==> allow branching from root: create but do not solve nodes. nodesel Strategy for choosing next node while optimizing integer variables: 0 = depth-first search; 1 = breadth-first search (default); 2 = best-estimate search; 3 = alternate best-estimate search. nodeselect Synonym for "nodesel". nosolve Stop after loading the problem and honoring any "writeprob" or "writemipstart" directives. numericalemphasis Whether to try to improve numerical accuracy (at a possible cost of time or memory): 0 = no (default) 1 = yes. objdifference Amount added to (for maximizing) or subtracted from (for minimizing) the best (so far) feasible objective value while optimizing integer variables. Subsequent nodes will be ignored if their LP relaxations have optimal values worse than this sum. Default = 0. Positive values may speed the search -- and may cause the optimal solution to be missed. objno 1 (default) = first objective, 2 = second, etc.; 0 ==> no objective: just find a feasible point. objrep Whether to replace minimize obj: v; with minimize obj: f(x) when variable v appears linearly in exactly one constraint of the form s.t. c: v >= f(x); or s.t. c: v == f(x); Possible objrep values: 0 = no 1 = yes for v >= f(x) 2 = yes for v == f(x) (default) 3 = yes in both cases For maximization problems, ">= f(x)" is changed to "<= f(x)" in the description above. This is new with driver version 20130622. optimality Tolerance for optimality of reduced costs. Default 1e-6; must be between 1e-9 and 1e-1. optimize Synonym for "primal". ordering Ordering algorithm used by the barrier algorithm 0 = automatic choice (default) 1 = approximate minimum degree 2 = approximate minimum fill 3 = nested dissection. ordertype How to generate default priorities for integer variables when no .priority suffix is specified: 0 = do not generate priorities (default) 1 = use decreasing costs 2 = use increasing bound range 3 = use coefficient count. outlev Synonym for "display". parallelmode Parallel optimization mode: -1 = opportunistic mode 0 = automatic: let CPLEX decide (default) 1 = deterministic mode. paramfile File containing param settings to import. The file is read and settings in it echoed when the keyword is processed. paramfileprm File containing param settings in CPLEX PRM format to import. The file is read without echoing settings in it when the keyword is processed. perturb Synonym for "doperturb". perturbation Amount by which to perturb variable bounds when perturbing problems (see "doperturb"). Default 1e-6; must be positive. perturbconst Synonym for "perturbation". perturblim Number of stalled simplex iterations before the problem is perturbed. Default = 0 = automatic. perturblimit Synonym for "perturblim". pgradient Pricing algorithm for primal simplex (default 0): -1 = reduced-cost pricing 0 = hybrid reduced-cost and Devex pricing 1 = Devex pricing 2 = steepest-edge pricing 3 = steepest-edge with slack initial norms 4 = full pricing. plconpri Priority (default 1) for SOS2 constraints for nonconvex piecewise-linear terms in constraints. plobjpri Priority (default 2) for SOS2 constraints for nonconvex piecewise-linear terms in objectives. polishafter_absmipgap Start polishing integer solutions after the absolute mixed-integer optimality gap is at most polishafter_absmipgap. Default 1e-6. polishafter_intsol Start polishing integer solutions after the finding polishafter_intsol integer-feasible solutions. Default 2^31 - 1. polishafter_mipgap Start polishing integer solutions after the relative mixed-integer optimality gap is at most polishafter_mipgap. Default 0. polishafter_nodes Start polishing integer solutions after the processing polishafter_nodes nodes. Default 2^31 - 1. polishafter_time Start polishing integer solutions after finding at least one integer feasible solution and spending polishafter_time CPU seconds seeking integer solutions. Default 1e75. polishafter_timedet Start polishing integer solutions after finding at least one integer feasible solution and spending polishafter_time "ticks" seeking integer solutions. Default 1e75. polishtime New in CPLEX 10.0: seconds to spend "polishing" integer solutions. Default 0. Deprecated in CPLEX 11.2 (in favor of the polishafter keywords above). poolagap Solutions with objective worse in absolute value by poolgap than the best solution are not kept in the solution pool; see poolstub. Default 1e75. poolcapacity Number of solutions to keep in solution pool; see poolstub. Default 2100000000. pooldual Whether to return dual values (corresponding to fixed integer variables) for MIP and MIQP problems in the solution pool: 0 = no (default) 1 = yes (which takes extra computation) poolgap Solutions with objective worse in a relative sense by poolgap than the best solution are not kept in the solution pool; see poolstub. Default 1e75. poolintensity How hard to try adding MIP solutions to the solution pool. Useful only if poolstub is specified. Default 0 is treated as 1 if poolstub is specified without populate, or 2 if populate is specified. Larger values (3 or 4) cause more additions to the solution pool, possibly consuming considerable time; poolintensity 4 tries to generate all MIP solutions, which could be a very large number. poolreplace Policy for replacing solutions in the solution pool if more than poolcapacity solutions are generated: 0 = FIFO (first-in, first-out); default 1 = Keep best solutions 2 = Keep most diverse solutions. poolstub Stub for solution files in the MIP solution pool. New in CPLEX 11 and meaningful only if some variables are integer or binary. A pool of alternate MIP solutions is computed if poolstub is specified, and the solutions that remain in the solution pool (after some are replaced if more than poolcapacity solutions are found) are written to files (poolstub & '1') ... (poolstub & |solution pool|), where |solution pool| is the number of solutions in the solution pool. That is, file names are obtained by appending 1, 2, ... |solution pool| to poolstub. The value of |solution pool| is returned in suffix npool on the objective and problem. populate Whether to run CPLEX's "populate" algorithm in an attempt to add more solutions to the MIP solution pool. 0 = no; just keep solutions found during the initial solve 1 = run "populate" after finding a MIP solution 2 = run "populate" instead of seeking a single best solution. See poolstub. populatelim Limit on number of solutions added to the solution pool by the populate algorithm. See poolstub and populate. Default 20. predual Whether CPLEX's presolve phase should present the CPLEX solution algorithm with the primal (-1) or dual (1) problem or (default = 0) should decide which automatically. Specifying "predual=1" often gives better performance than specifying just "dual", but sometimes "dual predual=1" is still better. prelinear Whether CPLEX's presolve should do full reductions or only linear ones. Default = 1 = full. prepass Limit on number of CPLEX presolve passes. Default = -1 = decide limit automatically. prereduce Kinds of reductions permitted during CPLEX presolve: 0 = none 1 = only primal 2 = only dual 3 = both primal and dual (default). prereformulations Reformulations applied during CPLEX presolve: 0 = none 1 = allow reformulations that interphere with crushing forms 2 = allow reformulations that interphere with uncrushing forms 3 = all reformulations (default). prerelax Whether to use CPLEX's presolve on the initial LP relaxation of a MIP: -1 = automatic choice (default) 0 = no 1 = yes. presolve 0 or 1 (default 1): Whether to run CPLEX's presolve algorithm. presolvedual Synonym for "predual". presolvenode -1, 0, or 1 (default 0): Whether to run CPLEX's presolve at each node of the MIP branch-and-bound tree: -1 = no; 1 = yes; 0 = automatic choice. presos1reform Control the reformulation of SOS of type 1: -1 = no reformulation 0 = automatic (default) 1 = reformulate as linear constraints, with a reformulation which is logarithmic in the size of the SOSs. presos2reform Control the reformulation of SOS of type 2: -1 = no reformulation 0 = automatic (default) 1 = reformulate as linear constraints, with a reformulation which is logarithmic in the size of the SOSs. prestats 0 or 1 (default 0): Whether to include summary statistics (if nonzero) for CPLEX's "aggregate" and "presolve" algorithms in the solve_message. pretunefile File to which nondefault keyword settings are written before tuning; written whether or not tunefile or tunefilecpx is specified. pretunefileprm File to which nondefault keyword settings are written in CPLEX PRM format before tuning; written whether or not tunefile or tunefileprm is specified. Includes some display settings suppressed by pretunefile. pricing Size of pricing candidate list (for partial pricing). 0 (default) means the algorithm decides. primal Single-word phrase: solve the primal problem. primalopt Use the primal simplex algorithm. priorities Whether to consider priorities for MIP branching: 0 = no 1 = yes (default). probe Whether to do variable probing when solving MIPs (which sometimes dramatically affects performance, for better or worse): -1 = no 0 = automatic choice (default) 1, 2, or 3 = ever more probing. probetime Limit in seconds on time spent probing. Default = 1e75. probetimedet Limit in "ticks" on time spent probing. Default = 1e75. qcdmax Limit on k*n*n for computing duals for quadratically constrained problems, where k = number of quadratic constraints and n = number of variables. Default = 1e9. qcdual Whether to compute dual variable values for problems with quadratic constraints. Default = 1 (for "yes"). This may be expensive if there are many quadratic constraints. Specifying qcdual=0 suppresses the computation. qcpconvergetol Convergence tolerance on relative complementarity for problems with quadratic constraints. Default = 1e-7. qctol1 Tolerance on a quadratic inequality constraint's slack. After CPLEX has returned a solution, dual values are deduced for "active" quadratic constraints. Default 1e-5; a negative value is quietly treated as 0. qctol2 Tolerance on the maxnorm of the gradient of an "active" quadratic constraint (see qctol1): if the maxnorm is no more than qctol2, the gradient is considered to vanish and dual value 0 is deduced. Default 1e-5; a negative value is quietly treated as 0. qctol3 Tolerance on the reduction during QR factorization of the maxnorm of an "active" constraint's gradient (see qctol1) for the constraint to be considered independent of the other active quadratic constraints. Dual value 0 is deduced for dependent constraints. Default 1e-5; a negative value is quietly treated as 0. qpmethod Choice of algorithm for a continuous quadratic programming problem: 0 = automatic choice (default) 1 = primal simplex 2 = dual simplex 3 = network simplex 4 = barrier algorithm 6 = concurrent optimizer. qtolin Whether to to linearize products of bounded variables in quadratic objectives: -1 = automatic choice (default) 0 = no 1 = yes. rampup_duration How to ramp up distributed parallel optimization: -1 = no ramp up 0 = automatic choice (default) 1 = dynamic rampup, limited by rampup_timelim and rampup_walltimelim 2 = infinite ramp up: concurrent MIP optimization. rampup_timelim Time limit in deterministic "ticks" to spend on the "ramp up" phase of distributed parallel optimization. This only matters when rampup_duration = 0 or 1. Default = 1e75. rampup_walltimelim Time limit limit in wall-clock seconds to spend on the "ramp up" phase of distributed parallel optimization. This only matters when rampup_duration = 0 or 1. Default = 1e75. rays Whether to return suffix .unbdd when the objective is unbounded or suffix .dunbdd when the constraints are infeasible: 0 = neither 1 = just .unbdd 2 = just .dunbdd 3 = both (default) To get .dunbdd, you may need to specify presolve=0 in $cplex_options. readbasis BAS file containing starting basis. readsol File (previously written by an endsol directive) for reading the starting point. This is for debugging and is normally not used. readvector VEC file containing starting point for barrier alg. Deprecated; use "readsol" instead. record Whether to record CPLEX library calls for debugging use by IBM in a file with an automatically chosen name of the form cplexXXXXXXX.db: 0 = no (default) 1 = yes. refactor LP iterations between refactorizing the basis. 0 (default) means the algorithm decides. relax Single-word phrase: ignore integrality. relaxpresolve Synonym for "prerelax". relobjdif Synonym for "relobjdiff". relobjdiff If the objdifference parameter is 0, relobjdiff times the absolute value of the objective value is added to (for maximizing) or subtracted from (for minimizing) the best (so far) feasible objective value while optimizing integer variables. Subsequent nodes will be ignored if their LP relaxations have optimal values worse than this sum. Default = 0. Positive values may speed the search -- and may cause the optimal solution to be missed. relpresolve Synonym for "prerelax". repairtries How many times to try to repair in infeasible MIP starting guess: -1 = none 0 = automatic choice (default) > 0 = that many times. repeatpresolve Whether to repeat CPLEX's presolve at MIP nodes: -1 = automatic choice (default) 0 = no 1 = presolve again ignoring cuts 2 = presolve again considering cuts 3 = presolve again considering cuts and allowing new root cuts. reqconvex Whether to require a quadratic model to be convex: 0 = automatic choice (default) 1 = require convexity 2 = do not require convexity; just look for a local solution 3 = globally solve if noncovex. resolve Whether to re-solve the problem with CPLEX's presolve turned off when it reports the problem to be infeasible or unbounded. Re-solving may take extra time but should determine whether the problem is infeasible or unbounded. 0 = no 1 = yes (default). return_mipgap Whether to return mipgap suffixes or include mipgap values in the solve_message: sum of 1 = return relmipgap suffix 2 = return absmipgap suffix 4 = suppress mipgap values in solve_message The suffixes are on the objective and problem; returned suffix values are +Infinity if no integer- feasible solution has been found, in which case no mipgap values are reported in the solve_message. Default = 0. See also bestbound and bestnode above. rinsheur Relaxation INduced neighborhood Search HEURistic for MIP problems: -1 = none 0 = automatic choice of interval (default) n (for n > 0) = every n nodes. rltcuts Whether to use RLT (Reformulation Linearization Technique) cuts: -1 = no 0 = automatic choice (default) 1 = generate RLT cuts moderately 2 = generate RLT cuts aggressively 3 = generate RLT cuts very aggressively round Whether to round integer variables to integral values before returning the solution, and whether to report that CPLEX returned noninteger values for integer values (default 1): sum of 1 ==> round nonintegral integer variables 2 ==> do not modify solve_result 4 ==> do not modify solve_message 8 ==> modify solve_result and solve_message even if maxerr < intwarntol (default 1e-9). Modifications take place only if CPLEX assigned nonintegral values to one or more integer variables. scale How to scale the problem: -1 = no scaling 0 (default) = equilibration 1 = a more aggressive scheme that sometimes helps. seed Seed for random number generator used internally by CPLEX. Use "seed=?" to see the default, which depends on the CPLEX release. sensitivity Single-word phrase: return sensitivity information for the objective (in suffixes .up for the largest value of a variable's cost coefficient or constraint's right-hand side before the optimal basis changes, .down for the smallest such value, and .current for the current cost coefficient or right-hand side). siftingopt Synonym for "siftopt". siftopt Single-word phrase: on LPs with CPLEX versions >= 8, solve ever larger sequences of subproblems until the whole LP is solved. simplexsifting Whether to allow the simplex algorithm to use sifting when appropriate: 0 = no 1 = yes (default). singular Maximum number of times CPLEX should try to repair the basis when it encounters singularities. Default = 10. singularlim Synonym for "singular". solutionlim Synonym for "mipsolutions". solutiontype Whether to seek a basic solution when solving an LP: 0 = automatic choice (default) 1 = yes 2 = no (just seek a primal-dual pair). sos 0 or 1 (default 1): Whether to honor declared suffixes .sosno and .ref describing SOS sets. Each distinct nonzero .sosno value designates an SOS set, of type 1 for positive .sosno values and of type 2 for negative values. The .ref suffix contains corresponding reference values. sos2 0 or 1 (default 1): Whether to tell CPLEX about SOS2 constraints for nonconvex piecewise-linear terms. sparam Used with syntax "sparam=n=str" (no spaces), where n is a decimal integer, the number of a CPLEX string parameter. If str is ?, report the current value of string parameter n. Otherwise, if str is a quoted string or a sequence of nonblank characters, assign str to string parameter n. This facility provides a way to modify string parameters that have not (yet) been assigned a keyword. splitcuts Whether to use lift-and-project cuts on MIP problems (new for CPLEX 12.5.1): -1 = no 0 = automatic choice (default) 1 = moderate use 2 = aggressive use 3 = very aggressive use. startalg Synonym for "mipstartalg". startalgorithm Synonym for "mipstartalg". startbasis "startbasis foo" reads the initial basis (in BAS format) from file "foo". startsol Synonym for "readsol". startvector Synonym for "readvector". strongcand Length of the candidate list for "strong branching" when solving MIPs: default 10. strongit Number of simplex iterations on each variable in the candidate list during strong branching. Default = 0 = automatic choice. subalg Synonym for "mipalg". subalgorithm Synonym for "mipalg". submipalg Choice of algorithm used to solve the subproblems of a subMIP: not a subproblem, but an auxiliary MIP that CPLEX sometimes forms and solves, e.g., when * dealing with a partial MIP start * repairing an infeasible MIP start * using the RINS heuristic * branching locally * polishing a solution. Possible values (when appropriate): 0 = automatic choice (default) 1 = primal simplex 2 = dual simplex 3 = network simplex (not for MIQPs) 4 = barrier 5 = sifting (0 is used for MIQPs). Only 0 is allowed for MIQCPs. submipnodelim Limit on nodes searched by relaxation induced neighborhood search (RINS) heuristic for MIP problems and for processing of MIP starting values. Default = 500. submipscale Rarely used choice of scaling for auxiliary subMIPs (described with "submipalg"): -1 = no scaling 0 = equilibration scaling (default) 1 = more aggressive scaling. submipstartalg Rarely used choice of algorithm for the initial relaxation of a subMIP (described with "submipalg"): 0 = automatic choice (default) 1 = primal simplex 2 = dual simplex 3 = network simplex 4 = barrier 5 = sifting (0 is used for MIQPs) 6 = concurrent (dual, barrier and primal in opportunistic mode; dual and barrier in deterministic mode; 4 is used for MIPQs). Only 0 is allowed for MIQCPs. symmetry Whether to break symmetry during preprocessing of MIP problems: -1 = automatic choice (default) 0 = no 1 = moderate effort 2 = more effort 3 = still more effort 4 = even more effort (new in CPLEX 11) 5 = more effort than 4 (new in CPLEX 11). threads Default maximum number of threads for any of the parallel CPLEX optimizers (limited also by licensing). Default = 1 prior to CPLEX 11, or 0 (use maximum threads available) starting with CPLEX 11. May be overridden, prior to CPLEX 11, by more specific limits, such as barthreads or mipthreads. time Time limit in seconds; default = 1e75. timelimit Synonym for "time". timing Whether to write times in seconds or "ticks" to stdout or stderr: sum of 1 = write time in seconds to stdout 2 = write time in seconds to stderr 4 = write time in "ticks" to stdout 8 = write time in "ticks" to stderr 16 = write number of logical cores to stdout 32 = write number of logical cores to stderr. Default = 0. tranopt Synonym for "dualopt". treelimit Synonym for "treememory". treememlim Synonym for "treememory". treememory Max. megabytes of memory (default 1e75) to use for branch-and-bound tree. tunedisplay How much to print during tuning: 0 = nothing 1 = minimal printing (default) 2 = show parameters being tried 3 = exhaustive printing. tunefile Name of file for tuning results. If specified, CPLEX will experiment with parameter settings that would make the solution faster. This can significantly increase execution time of the current invocation, but the settings it finds might save time in future runs. tunefileprm Name of file for tuning results in CPLEX PRM format. If specified, CPLEX will experiment with parameter settings as described for "tunefile". tunefix List of keywords not to tune, enclosed in quotes (" or ') or separated by commas without white space if more than one. tunefixfile Name of file containing keywords not to tune. (There is no PRM format alternative.) Merged with tunefix specification (if any). tunerepeat How many times to perturb the problem during tuning. Default = 1. tunetime Limit (in seconds) on tuning time; meaningful if < time. Default = 1e75. tunetimedet Limit (in "ticks") on tuning time; meaningful if < time. Default = 1e75. uppercutoff For minimization problems involving integer variables, skip any branch whose LP relaxation's optimal value is more than uppercutoff. Warning: if uppercutoff is too small, the problem will appear infeasible. Default = 1e75. upperobj Stop maximizing when the objective value goes above upperobj. Default = 1e75. upperobjlim Synonym for "upperobj". varsel Strategy for selecting the next branching variable during integer branch-and-bound: -1 = branch on variable with smallest integer infeasibility 0 = algorithm decides (default) 1 = branch on variable with largest integer infeasibility 2 = branch based on pseudo costs 3 = strong branching 4 = branch based on pseudo reduced costs. varselect Synonym for "varsel". version Single-word phrase: show the current version. vmconf For distributed parallel MIP optimization, if vmconf starts with @, then the remainder is the name of a file containing a parallel MIP configuration; otherwise vmconf itself is a parallel MIP configuration string, which must be quoted if it contains white space. wantsol solution report without -AMPL: sum of 1 = write .sol file 2 = print primal variable values 4 = print dual variable values 8 = do not print solution message warninglimit Limit on the number of warnings per issue given when "datacheck=2" is specified. Default = 10. workfiledir Directory where CPLEX creates a temporary subdirectory for temporary files, e.g., for node information and Cholesky factors. workfilelim Maximum size in megabytes for in-core work "files". Default 2048. writebasis Synonym for "endbasis". writemipstart [Debug option] The name of a file to which the MIP starting guess (if any) is written in ".mst" format. If there is no MIP start, an empty file is written. writeprob Name of file to which the problem is written in a format determined by the name's suffix: .sav = binary SAV file; .mps = MPS file, original names; .lp = LP file, original names; .rmp = MPS file, generic names; .rew = MPS file, generic names; .rlp = LP file, generic names. SAV and LP formats are peculiar to CPLEX. writesol Synonym for "endsol". zerohalfcuts Whether to generate zero-half cuts for MIP problems: -1 = no 0 = automatic choice (default): continue generating until new cuts are not helpful 1 = generate zero-half cuts moderately 2 = generate zero-half cuts aggressively. When CPLEX finds the problem unbounded and a basis is available, a ray is returned in suffix unbdd. For problems with several integer (or binary) variable declarations, it sometimes helps to specify branching priorities for the integer variables. When CPLEX has a choice of which integer variable to bound (or fix) during its branch-and-bound algorithm, it chooses a variable with the highest priority. You can declare suffix priority and assign individual priorities (between 0 and 2147483647) to each integer variable. Assigning .priority values is the preferred approach, but you can also use the older and less flexible scheme of specifying priorities in the environment variable $mip_priorities, which should contain zero or more white-space separated pairs of the form variable-name priority Each priority should be an integer between 1 and 2147483647. All components of an indexed variable have the same priority; the variable-name should not have a subscript. If suffix priority is present, option mip_priorities is ignored. You can also declare suffix direction and use it to convey individual branching directions (-1, 0, or 1, as with the branch keyword described above) for each integer variable. If suffix direction is present, the branch keyword applies only to variables whose .direction is 0. When using $mip_priorities, you must arrange for AMPL to write a .col file. See the discussion of auxiliary files on p. 333 of the AMPL book: unless $cplex_auxfiles already contains 'c', issue the AMPL command option cplex_auxfiles c; before saying "solve;". Similarly, if you use AMPL's write command, first make sure $auxfiles contains 'c'; if not, issue the AMPL command option auxfiles c; The keywords '!quit' and '!echo' may appear at the beginning of $mip_priorities. If cplex finds an error in $mip_priorities, it bails out unless '!quit' appears in $mip_priorities before the error. Normally cplex reports the priorities it acquires from $mip_priorities, but '!echo' suppresses this reporting. For example, if Buy is an integer variable, you might try the AMPL commands option mip_priorities 'Buy 3', cplex_auxfiles ''; solve; option mip_priorities '!quit Buy 3'; solve; option cplex_auxfiles c; solve; option mip_priorities '!echo Buy 3'; solve; option mip_priorities '!quit !echo Buy 3'; solve; ----------------------- solve_result_num values ======================= Here is a table of solve_result_num values that "cplex" can return to an AMPL session, along with the text that appears in the associated solve_message. Value Message 0 optimal solution 1 primal has unbounded optimal face 2 optimal integer solution 3 optimal integer solution within mipgap or absmipgap 4 primal optimal (no dual solution available) 5 primal optimal (no dual values for quadratic constraints) 6 multiobjective optimal 100 best solution found, primal-dual feasible 102 optimal (non-)integer solution 103 optimal (non-)integer solution within mipgap or absmipgap 110 optimal with unscaled infeasibilities 111 integer optimal with unscaled infeasibilities 121 feasible relaxed sum in feasopt 122 optimal relaxed sum in feasopt 123 feasible relaxed infeasibility count in feasopt 124 optimal relaxed infeasibility count in feasopt 125 feasible relaxed quadratic penalty in feasopt 126 optimal relaxed quadratic penalty in feasopt 130 locally optimal solution of indefinite QP 140 multiobjective nonoptimal 200 infeasible problem 201 infeasible with phase II singularities 202 infeasible with phase I singularities 204 converged, dual feasible, primal infeasible 205 converged, primal and dual infeasible 206 best solution found, primal infeasible 207 best solution found, primal-dual infeasible 208 infeasible or unbounded in presolve 209 integer infeasible or unbounded in presolve 210 infeasible problem found by dualopt; .dunbdd returned 211 multiobjective infeasible 212 multiobjective infeasible or unbounded 220 integer infeasible 230 minimal sum of constraint relaxations 231 optimal among minimal sum of constraint relaxations 232 minimal number of constraint relaxations 233 optimal among minimal number of constraint relaxations 234 minimal sum of squares of constraint relaxations 235 optimal among minimal sum of squares of constraint relaxations 240 integer minimal sum of constraint relaxations 241 integer optimal among minimal sum of constraint relaxations 242 integer minimal number of constraint relaxations 243 integer optimal among minimal number of constraint relaxations 244 integer minimal sum of squares of constraint relaxations 245 integer optimal among minimal sum of squares of constraint relaxations 300 unbounded problem 301 converged, primal feasible, dual infeasible 302 best solution found, dual infeasible 310 unbounded problem found by primalopt; .unbdd returned 311 multiobjective unbounded 320 integer unbounded ray 400 phase II objective limit exceeded 401 iteration limit in phase II 402 iteration limit in phase I 403 time limit in phase II 404 time limit in phase I 405 primal objective limit reached 406 dual objective limit reached 410 node limit with no integer solution 411 time limit with no integer solution 412 treememory limit with no integer solution 413 node file limit with no integer solution 420 mixed-integer solutions limit 421 node limit with integer solution 422 time limit with integer solution 423 treememory limit with integer solution 424 node file limit with integer solution 440 dettimelim reached with feasible solution 441 dettimelim reached with infeasible solution 450 multiobjective stopped 500 unrecoverable failure 501 aborted in phase II 502 aborted in phase I 503 aborted in barrier, dual infeasible 504 aborted in barrier, primal infeasible 505 aborted in barrier, primal and dual infeasible 506 aborted in barrier, primal and dual feasible 507 aborted in crossover 508 solution found, numerical difficulties 509 solution found, inconsistent equations 510 unrecoverable failure with no integer solution 511 aborted, no integer solution 512 out of memory, no tree; no integer solution 513 failed to solve a MIP subproblem 520 unrecoverable failure with integer solution 521 aborted, integer solution exists 522 ran out of memory 523 out of memory, no tree; solution may exist 531 bug? Error return from named CPLEX routine 532 multiobjective problem involving a nonlinear objective 533 bad multiobjective keyword assignment 534 fewer than 2 nonzero multiobjective weights 540 Diagonal QP Hessian has elements of the wrong sign 541 QP Hessian has diag. elements of the wrong sign 542 QP Hessian is not positive semi-definite 543 problem is not a MIP or has a nonconvex quadratic constraint 544 problem is not suitable for the distributed MIP algorithm 550 problem has (nonquadratic) nonlinear constraints 551 problem has a nonlinear (nonquadratic) objective 552 problem has nonlinear integer variables 553 barrier method specified for problem with integer variables 554 problem has unlinearized piecewise-linear terms 555 problem has a quadratic objective involving division by 0 556 nonlinear objective without CPLEX Barrier option (for QPs) 557 CPLEX MIP option needed to handle piecewise-linear terms 558 quadratic constraint involves division by zero 559 bug: no quadratic terms in "nonlinear" constraint 560 error in $cplex_options 561 surprise return from a CPLEX routine (perhaps a driver bug) 562 constraint is not convex (resp. concave) quadratic 563 logical constraint is not an indicator constraint 564 error reading paramfile or paramfileprm 565 error writing paramfile, pretunefile, tunefile, or a *prm variant 566 error in tunefix or tunefixfile 567 problem has complementarity constraints 570 CPLEX licensing problem 571 not licensed to solve MIP problems 572 not licensed to use the barrier algorithm 573 not licensed to solve MIQP or QCP problems 580 bad vmconfig specification 581 writeprob="..." failed 582 writemipstart="..." failed 600 not solved because of "nosolve" The CPLEX driver is supposed to distinguish infeasibility from unboundedness, so solve_result_num should never be 208 or 209. If you find an example where one of these values does occur, please send it to us. ------------------- If you have a CPLEX 4.0 manual, you may find the following table helpful. It relates the above names (in name-value pairs) to SET commands described in chapters 8 and 9 of the CPLEX 4.0 manual. Name CPLEX SET command agglim PREPROCESSING colnonzeros bardisplay SET BARRIER display bargrowth SET BARRIER limits growth bariterlim SET BARRIER limits iterations barobjrange SET BARRIER limits objrange barthreads SET BARRIER LIMIT THREADS barvarup SET BARRIER LIMITS varupper branch SET MIP STRATEGY branch cliques MIP STRATEGY cliques coeffreduce PREPROCESSING coeffreduce comptol SET BARRIER convergetol covers MIP STRATEGY covers crash SET SIMPLEX crash dense SET BARRIER colnonzeros dependency PREPROCESSING dependency dgradient SET SIMPLEX dgradient display SET SIMPLEX display doperturb SET SIMPLEX perturbation feasibility SET SIMPLEX TOLERANCE feasibility heuristic MIP STRATEGY heuristic integrality SET MIP TOLERANCE integrality iterations SET SIMPLEX LIMIT iterations iterlim SET SIMPLEX LIMIT iterations lowercutoff SET MIP STRATEGY lowercutoff lowerobj SET SIMPLEX LIMIT lowerobj markowitz SET SIMPLEX TOLERANCE markowitz mipdisplay SET MIP display mipgap SET MIP TOLERANCE mipgap mipinterval SET MIP interval mipsolutions SET MIP LIMIT solutions mipstartalg MIP STRATEGY startalgorithm mipsubalg MIP STRATEGY subalgorithm mipthreads SET MIP LIMIT THREADS netfind SIMPLEX netfind nodefile SET MIP STRATEGY FILE nodes SET MIP LIMIT nodes nodesel SET MIP STRATEGY nodeselect objdifference SET MIP TOLERANCE objdifference optimality SET SIMPLEX TOLERANCE optimality ordering SET BARRIER ordering outlev SET SIMPLEX display perturbation SET SIMPLEX perturbation pgradient SET SIMPLEX pgradient pricing SET SIMPLEX pricing priorities MIP STRATEGY order refactor SET SIMPLEX refactor relobjdiff MIP TOLERANCES relobjdifference scale SET read scale simthreads SET SIMPLEX LIMIT THREADS singular SET SIMPLEX LIMIT singular sosmin MIP LIMITS minsossize time SET timelimit uppercutoff SET MIP TOLERANCE uppercutoff upperobj SET SIMPLEX LIMIT upperobj varsel SET MIP STRATEGY variableselect ------------------- Keywords added for CPLEX 6.5: barstart bbinterval boundstr cutsfactor flowcuts gubcuts heuristicfreq impliedcuts mipcrossover mipcuts nodefilelim ordertype perturblimit prerelax probe strongcand strongit strongthreads Keywords no longer available in CPLEX 6.5: reducecostfix Whether to use reduced cost fixing in MIP problems: 0 = no 1 = yes (default) sosmin Minimum number of members in a set for the set to be considered of SOS type 3. sosscan 0 or 1 (default 0): Whether to scan for SOS3 sets. Keywords added for CPLEX 7.0: aggcutlim barstartalg cutpass disjcuts flowpathcuts fraccand fracpass heurfreq limitperturb mipemphasis mipordertype mipstart mircuts nodefiledir nodefilesize pdswitch perturblim prereduce presolvedual presolvenode relaxpresolve relpresolve Keywords removed for CPLEX 7.1: nodefilelim nodefilesize Keywords added for CPLEX 8.0 (excluding undocumented keywords, which are discussed below): autoopt autopt baroutofcore concurrent concurrentopt precompress rays siftingopt siftopt threads workfilelim Keywords added for CPLEX 9.0: finalfactor qcpconvergetol rinsheur submipnodelim Keywords removed for CPLEX 9.0: barvarup heuristic rootheuristic simthreads Keywords added for CPLEX 9.1: basis_cond lbheur prelinear prepass Keywords added for CPLEX 11: eachcutlim fpheur mipsearch miqcpstrat parallelmode paramfile paramfileprm poolagap poolcapacity poolgap poolintensity poolreplace poolstub populate populatelim pretunefile pretunefileprm tunedisplay tunefile tunefileprm tunefix tunefixfile tunerepeat tunetime zerohalfcuts Keywords removed for CPLEX 11: barthreads mipthreads strongthreads Keywords added for CPLEX 12: mcfcuts Keywords added for CPLEX 12.2: mipkappa rootthreads Keywords added for CPLEX 12.3: endsol startsol readsol reqconvex writesol Keywords added for CPLEX 12.5: dettimelim polishafter_timedet probetimedet seed tunetimedet Keyword added for CPLEX 12.5.1: splitcuts. Keyword added for CPLEX 12.6: droptol. New keywords when compiled with -DWant_Distmipopt: rampup_duration rampup_timelim rampup_walltimelim vmconf Keywords added for CPLEX 12.6.1: conflictalg localimpliedcuts qpmethod qtolin Keywords removed for CPLEX 12.6.1: basisinterval heurfreq oldpricing pdswitch xxxstart Keywords added for CPLEX 12.6.2: bqpcuts cpumask solutiontype sparam Keywords added for CPLEX 12.7: benders_feascut_tol benders_optcut_tol benders_strategy bendersopt datacheck rltcuts Withdrawn keywords: endvector, writevector. (Use endsol instead.) Keywords added for CPLEX 12.8: record submipalg submipscale submipstart Keywords added for CPLEX 12.9: modisplay multiobj warninglimit Keyword added for CPLEX 12.10: heureffort Keywords added for CPLEX 20.1: benders_worker nodecuts ------------------- If you invoke "cplex stub -AMPL" or "cplex stub", you can also supply additional command-line arguments of the form name=value. Such arguments override specifications in $cplex_options. Example: ampl -obfoo foo.model foo.data nohup cplex foo timing=2 2>>times& to solve a problem whose solution will take a while; after cplex finishes, ampl foo.model foo.data - solution foo.sol; display ... /* things involving the computed solution */; (Here, - denotes standard input, and ampl reads the "solution..." and "display..." lines.) When invoked with no arguments, cplex either operates as described in the CPLEX manual (when compiled with -DStand_alone on systems where the CPLEX callable library provides cpxmain()), or complains about not having a stub. ------------------- In addition to the keyword phrases described above, cplex recognizes some directives (name-value pairs, separated by white space and/or an = sign, appearing either in $cplex_options or on the command line) for settings not described in the official CPLEX documentation. These "undocumented" directives all begin with underscore. You are unlikely ever to need to use them, as the default settings suffice in most cases. They are provided for the rare cases where CPLEX technical support may recommend their use. The directive names appear at the beginning of the output you will get by invoking cplex "-=" (or 'cplexamp "-="' if you follow the IBM ILOG naming practice). Starting with updates for CPLEX 12.6.1, the "cplex -=" output includes variants of the above keyword descriptions just for the currently available keywords. ************************* If you have questions about or find bugs with this stuff, please contact: David M. Gay dmg@ampl.com